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          java 序列化Serializable 的反射调用方法
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        <p>java 序列化和反序列化过程中，留下了一些方法作为钩子，可以让我们自定义序列化和反序列化的流程和结果，主要是两组五个 Method，在要实现序列化的类中定义这些方法，运行中将通过反射调用。</p>
<h2 id="writeObject-、readObject-、writeReplace-与-readResolve"><a href="#writeObject-、readObject-、writeReplace-与-readResolve" class="headerlink" title="writeObject()、readObject()、writeReplace() 与 readResolve()"></a>writeObject()、readObject()、writeReplace() 与 readResolve()</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">writeObject</span><span class="params">(java.io.ObjectOutputStream out)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">readObject</span><span class="params">(java.io.ObjectInputStream in)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException, ClassNotFoundException;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">readObjectNoData</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ObjectStreamException;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>writeObject 和 readObject 方法分别负责写入和读取对象状态，readObjectNoData 负责初始化对象状态。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id><a href="#" class="headerlink" title></a></h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER Object <span class="title function_">writeReplace</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ObjectStreamException;</span><br><span class="line">ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER Object <span class="title function_">readResolve</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ObjectStreamException;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>writeReplace 方法可以返回某个对象，接下来将对此方法的返回值进行序列化；readResolve 可以返回一个对象，作为反序列化的结果值。</p>
<p>使用这两个方法，可以在序列化和反序列化的过程中将对象实例替换为任意其他的对象实例，偷梁换柱，比如，在实现了 Serializable 的类 SerializableTest 中，定义了如下 writeReplace 方法，可以替换掉序列化的值。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Object <span class="title function_">writeReplace</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ObjectStreamException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Integer</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用如下代码进行序列化和反序列化如下，</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">SerializableTest</span> <span class="variable">test</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SerializableTest</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ObjectOutputStream</span> <span class="variable">o</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectOutputStream</span>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(<span class="string">&quot;a&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">o.writeObject(test);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ObjectInputStream</span> <span class="variable">in</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectInputStream</span>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(<span class="string">&quot;a&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> in.readObject();</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(result.getClass().getSimpleName());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>以上代码的输出将会是：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Integer</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>进行反序列化，默认将返回一个值为 1 的 Integer 对象。</p>
<h2 id="各个-Method-的执行顺序"><a href="#各个-Method-的执行顺序" class="headerlink" title="各个 Method 的执行顺序"></a>各个 Method 的执行顺序</h2><p>writeObject、readObject、writeReplace 和 readResolve 的执行顺序，如果在 writeReplace 和 readResolve 中将操作对象替换为其他类的实例，那么之后的操作将是对那一对象执行的，该对象没有定义其他方法时，反射自然也不会调用。</p>
<p>如果在 writeReplace 和 readResolve 中没有替换为其他类的实例，那么以上四个方法的执行顺序是：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">writeReplace -&gt; writeObject -&gt; readObject -&gt; readResolve</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="序列化与单例"><a href="#序列化与单例" class="headerlink" title="序列化与单例"></a>序列化与单例</h2><p>以一个简单的单例模式举例：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">SerializableTest</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">Serializable</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">SerializableTest</span> <span class="variable">t</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SerializableTest</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">SerializableTest</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将构造器设置为 private 权限，使用 static 和 final，这样运行中获得的实例都应是同一个对象，但是使用序列化&#x2F;反序列话时，这将被打破。如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ObjectOutputStream</span> <span class="variable">oou</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectOutputStream</span>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(<span class="string">&quot;serializable.a&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">oou.writeObject(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SerializableTest</span>());</span><br><span class="line">oou.close();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ObjectInputStream</span> <span class="variable">oin</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectInputStream</span>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(<span class="string">&quot;serializable.a&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">SerializableTest</span> <span class="variable">t1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (SerializableTest) oin.readObject();</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(t == t1);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时将输出false，也就是说反序列化读入的对象与原对象不是同一个。</p>
<p>为了解决这个问题，我们在 SerializableTest 类中添加一个 readResolve() 方法，返回我们希望的对象，如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">readResolve</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ObjectStreamException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> t;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们在 readResolve() 方法返回我们希望的实例，这样再次运行，将输出true，反序列化得到的是原来的对象。</p>
<p>debug 一下可以追踪到，在 ObjectInputStream 类的 readOrdinaryObject(boolean unshared) 方法有以下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (obj != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp;</span><br><span class="line">        handles.lookupException(passHandle) == <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp;</span><br><span class="line">        desc.hasReadResolveMethod())</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">rep</span> <span class="operator">=</span> desc.invokeReadResolve(obj);</span><br><span class="line">        ......</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>再继续，可以看到 invokeReadResolve(Object obj) 方法有以下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">requireInitialized();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (readResolveMethod != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> readResolveMethod.invoke(obj, (Object[]) <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            ......</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>也就是说，以上的“单例模式”，以及常用的双重校验锁等，在反序列化的情况下会构建出新的对象，添加 readResolve() 方法可以在反序列化时保持单例。</p>

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